{"id":7930,"date":"2025-08-09T11:09:25","date_gmt":"2025-08-09T10:09:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/olddays.co.uk\/?page_id=7930"},"modified":"2025-08-09T14:14:56","modified_gmt":"2025-08-09T13:14:56","slug":"buckner-documents-01","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/buckner-documents-01\/","title":{"rendered":"Buckner &#8211; Documents 01"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>SOUTHWEST JUNK SHOP STATEMENT (LEVY &amp; BUCKNER, WASHINGTON D.C.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Levy-and-Buckner.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-7931\" src=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Levy-and-Buckner.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Levy-and-Buckner.jpg 1105w, https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Levy-and-Buckner-194x300.jpg 194w, https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Levy-and-Buckner-661x1024.jpg 661w, https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Levy-and-Buckner-768x1189.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Levy-and-Buckner-992x1536.jpg 992w, https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Levy-and-Buckner-570x883.jpg 570w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>This image shows an unused or blank financial statement sheet from the <strong>Southwest Junk Shop<\/strong>, jointly operated by <strong>Levy &amp; Buckner<\/strong>. Though undated, its typography, business model, and design suggest it originates from the <strong>early 20th century<\/strong>, likely between <strong>1900 and 1930<\/strong>. It serves as a tangible relic of African-American and immigrant entrepreneurship in Washington, D.C.<\/p>\n<p><strong>REASONING AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Location<\/strong>:<br \/>\nThe address listed\u2014<strong>401 3rd Street, S.W., Washington, D.C.<\/strong>\u2014places this shop in a historic working-class neighbourhood known for industrial and warehousing activities, particularly in the early 20th century. It was near the waterfront and rail lines, ideal for junk and scrap businesses.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Business Type<\/strong>:<br \/>\nThe phrase \u201c<strong>Dealer in Bottles, Iron, Rags and Metals of all kinds<\/strong>\u201d reflects a classic &#8220;junk dealer&#8221; model, common in cities at the time. These businesses were essential to early urban recycling and provided accessible entrepreneurial opportunities for minorities and immigrants.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ownership \u2013 LEVY &amp; BUCKNER<\/strong>:<br \/>\nThe name <strong>Buckner<\/strong> aligns with <strong>Melvin Daniel Buckner (1915\u20132010)<\/strong>, whose long-term partner was <strong>Edwin Reid Morrison (1916\u20132000)<\/strong>. While we cannot definitively confirm that Melvin Buckner was involved with this shop, the coincidence of name and Washington D.C. location is compelling\u2014especially since Melvin lived in D.C. in his youth and early adulthood. If this document is indeed tied to him or his family, it gives rare insight into <strong>working-class Black entrepreneurship<\/strong> during a period when such records are often lost or undocumented.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Phone Number \u2013 &#8220;Main 6870&#8221;<\/strong>:<br \/>\nThe use of a four-digit number with a named exchange (\u201cMain\u201d) was standard before the 1940s. This supports the idea that the document is pre-WWII, further narrowing its date to likely between <strong>1910 and 1935<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Form Purpose<\/strong>:<br \/>\nThis was a <strong>blank statement ledger<\/strong>, used for recording transactions with customers\u2014credits, balances, and payments. &#8220;To Balance&#8221; and &#8220;To Mdse.&#8221; (merchandise) were standard columns. It would have been folded and handed or mailed as part of regular bookkeeping.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These images document the <strong>1966 solo exhibition<\/strong> of artist <strong>Melvin Buckner<\/strong> at the <strong>Corcoran Gallery of Art<\/strong>, one of Washington D.C.&#8217;s most prestigious art institutions. 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data-envira-item-id=\"8015\" data-envira-src=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1966-Exhibition.3-1-677x1024.jpg\" data-envira-srcset=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1966-Exhibition.3-1-677x1024.jpg 400w, https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1966-Exhibition.3-1-677x1024.jpg 2x\" data-title=\"1966 Exhibition.3\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  data-envirabox=\"8005\" data-automatic-caption=\"\" data-envira-height=\"300\" data-envira-width=\"198\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><img src='https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1966-Exhibition.1-2.jpg' alt='' class='envira_noscript_images ' \/><img src='https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1966-Exhibition.2-1.jpg' alt='' class='envira_noscript_images ' \/><img src='https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1966-Exhibition.3-1.jpg' alt='' class='envira_noscript_images ' \/><\/noscript>\n<p>This is a significant milestone in Melvin Buckner&#8217;s career, offering concrete recognition from a major cultural institution. It affirms that by the mid-1960s, Buckner was an established name in the Washington art scene, respected enough to be granted a solo show featuring both oils and drawings.<\/p>\n<p>The works listed reveal a focus on <strong>figurative and domestic themes<\/strong>, with titles such as <em>The Beach<\/em>, <em>Figures by the Lake<\/em>, <em>Family Group<\/em>, and <em>Toilette<\/em>. There is a gentle intimacy to his subject matter, suggesting a personal and observational artistic approach\u2014consistent with what we know of Melvin\u2019s quietly powerful body of work.<\/p>\n<p>The final biographical note confirms that Buckner was <strong>born in Washington, D.C.<\/strong>, trained at <strong>Howard University<\/strong> and <strong>The Corcoran School of Art<\/strong>, and exhibited at other major galleries like <strong>The Phillips Collection<\/strong> and <strong>Gallery 10<\/strong>. His professional status at the time is listed as <strong>\u201cartist-designer with The American Chemical Society,\u201d<\/strong> indicating a dual career in art and applied design.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Full Transcription<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cover Page:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>THE CORCORAN GALLERY OF ART, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20006<\/p>\n<p>[Image: Painting of two abstracted figures sitting on beach chairs]<\/p>\n<p>WASHINGTON ARTISTS EXHIBITION NO. 36<\/p>\n<p>MELVIN BUCKNER<\/p>\n<p>MARCH 1, 1966 to MARCH 27, 1966<\/p>\n<p>THE CORCORAN GALLERY OF ART<\/p>\n<p><strong>Page 2\u20133 (Exhibition Checklist and Biography):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>OILS<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The Beach 30 x 32<\/li>\n<li>Diane 30 x 34<\/li>\n<li>The White Slip 34 x 40<\/li>\n<li>Studio No. 1 30 x 32<\/li>\n<li>Figures By The Lake 36 x 40 *illustrated*<\/li>\n<li>Studio No. 2 48 x 46<\/li>\n<li>Reading &#8211; Summer Garden 30 x 34<\/li>\n<li>Toilette 40 x 44<\/li>\n<li>Family Group 48 x 44<\/li>\n<li>By The Sea 32 x 22<\/li>\n<li>Still Life 38 x 30<\/li>\n<li>Garden Brunch 44 x 40<\/li>\n<li>Poppies and Melon 24 x 30<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>FOUR DRAWINGS<\/p>\n<p>Melvin Buckner was born in Washington, D.C. He received his art<\/p>\n<p>training at Howard University, the Corcoran School of Art,<\/p>\n<p>George Washington University, and the City College of New York.<\/p>\n<p>His work has been exhibited at the Phillips Gallery, the<\/p>\n<p>Carnegie Institute, the Corcoran Gallery, and Gallery 10.<\/p>\n<p>The Corcoran Gallery, The Phillips Collection, Mr. J. Heywood Alexander, Jr., and a number of private collectors own Buckner\u2019s work.<\/p>\n<p>He is represented in Who\u2019s Who in American Art. Mr.<\/p>\n<p>Buckner is an artist-designer with The American Chemical Society in Washington.<\/p>\n<div id=\"envira-gallery-wrap-8016\" class=\"envira-gallery-wrap envira-lazy-loading-enabled envira-layout-automatic\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\"><div class=\"envira-loader\"><div><\/div><div><\/div><div><\/div><div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"envira-gallery-8016\" class=\"envira-gallery-public envira-gallery-0-columns envira-clear envira-gallery-justified-public\" data-envira-id=\"8016\" data-gallery-config='{\"type\":\"default\",\"layout\":\"automatic\",\"columns\":\"0\",\"gallery_theme\":\"base\",\"justified_margins\":1,\"justified_last_row\":\"nojustify\",\"lazy_loading\":1,\"lazy_loading_delay\":500,\"gutter\":10,\"gutter_mobile\":0,\"margin\":10,\"image_size\":\"default\",\"square_size\":300,\"crop_width\":640,\"crop_height\":480,\"crop\":0,\"crop_position\":\"c\",\"show_more_text\":\"Click for 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src=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.3-644x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"envira-gallery-image envira-gallery-image-3    envira-lazy\" height=\"480\" id=\"envira-gallery-image-8019\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP\/\/\/\/\/\/\/yH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" tabindex=\"-1\" title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.3\" width=\"640\" data-caption=\"\" data-envira-gallery-id=\"8016\" data-envira-index=\"2\" data-envira-item-id=\"8019\" data-envira-src=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.3-644x1024.jpg\" data-envira-srcset=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.3-644x1024.jpg 400w, https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.3-644x1024.jpg 2x\" data-title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.3\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  data-envirabox=\"8016\" data-automatic-caption=\"\" data-envira-height=\"300\" data-envira-width=\"189\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div id=\"envira-gallery-item-8020\" class=\"envira-gallery-item envira-gallery-item-4 envira-lazy-load\" style=\"padding-left: 5px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 5px;\"  itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"envira-gallery-item-inner\"><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-top-left\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-top-right\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-bottom-left\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-bottom-right\"><\/div><a class=\"envira-gallery-8016 envira-gallery-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.4.jpg\" title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.4\" data-caption=\"\" data-envira-item-id=\"8020\" data-envira-retina=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.4.jpg\" data-thumb=\"\" data-title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.4\" data-envirabox='8016' itemprop=\"contentUrl\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.4-626x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"envira-gallery-image envira-gallery-image-4    envira-lazy\" height=\"480\" id=\"envira-gallery-image-8020\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP\/\/\/\/\/\/\/yH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" tabindex=\"-1\" title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.4\" width=\"640\" data-caption=\"\" data-envira-gallery-id=\"8016\" data-envira-index=\"3\" data-envira-item-id=\"8020\" data-envira-src=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.4-626x1024.jpg\" data-envira-srcset=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.4-626x1024.jpg 400w, https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.4-626x1024.jpg 2x\" data-title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.4\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  data-envirabox=\"8016\" data-automatic-caption=\"\" data-envira-height=\"300\" data-envira-width=\"183\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div id=\"envira-gallery-item-8021\" class=\"envira-gallery-item envira-gallery-item-5 envira-lazy-load\" style=\"padding-left: 5px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 5px;\"  itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"envira-gallery-item-inner\"><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-top-left\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-top-right\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-bottom-left\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-bottom-right\"><\/div><a class=\"envira-gallery-8016 envira-gallery-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.5.jpg\" title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.5\" data-caption=\"\" data-envira-item-id=\"8021\" data-envira-retina=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.5.jpg\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.5-75x50_c.jpg\" data-title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.5\" data-envirabox='8016' itemprop=\"contentUrl\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.5-634x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"envira-gallery-image envira-gallery-image-5    envira-lazy\" height=\"480\" id=\"envira-gallery-image-8021\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP\/\/\/\/\/\/\/yH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" tabindex=\"-1\" title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.5\" width=\"640\" data-caption=\"\" data-envira-gallery-id=\"8016\" data-envira-index=\"4\" data-envira-item-id=\"8021\" data-envira-src=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.5-634x1024.jpg\" data-envira-srcset=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.5-634x1024.jpg 400w, https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.5-634x1024.jpg 2x\" data-title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.5\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  data-envirabox=\"8016\" data-automatic-caption=\"\" data-envira-height=\"300\" data-envira-width=\"186\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div id=\"envira-gallery-item-8022\" class=\"envira-gallery-item envira-gallery-item-6 envira-lazy-load\" style=\"padding-left: 5px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 5px;\"  itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"envira-gallery-item-inner\"><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-top-left\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-top-right\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-bottom-left\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-bottom-right\"><\/div><a class=\"envira-gallery-8016 envira-gallery-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.6.jpg\" title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.6\" data-caption=\"\" data-envira-item-id=\"8022\" data-envira-retina=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.6.jpg\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.6-75x50_c.jpg\" data-title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.6\" data-envirabox='8016' itemprop=\"contentUrl\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.6-636x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"envira-gallery-image envira-gallery-image-6    envira-lazy\" height=\"480\" id=\"envira-gallery-image-8022\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP\/\/\/\/\/\/\/yH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" tabindex=\"-1\" title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.6\" width=\"640\" data-caption=\"\" data-envira-gallery-id=\"8016\" data-envira-index=\"5\" data-envira-item-id=\"8022\" data-envira-src=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.6-636x1024.jpg\" data-envira-srcset=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.6-636x1024.jpg 400w, https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.6-636x1024.jpg 2x\" data-title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.6\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  data-envirabox=\"8016\" data-automatic-caption=\"\" data-envira-height=\"300\" data-envira-width=\"186\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div id=\"envira-gallery-item-8023\" class=\"envira-gallery-item envira-gallery-item-7 envira-lazy-load\" style=\"padding-left: 5px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 5px;\"  itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"envira-gallery-item-inner\"><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-top-left\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-top-right\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-bottom-left\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-bottom-right\"><\/div><a class=\"envira-gallery-8016 envira-gallery-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.7.jpg\" title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.7\" data-caption=\"\" data-envira-item-id=\"8023\" data-envira-retina=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.7.jpg\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.7-75x50_c.jpg\" data-title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.7\" data-envirabox='8016' itemprop=\"contentUrl\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.7-632x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"envira-gallery-image envira-gallery-image-7    envira-lazy\" height=\"480\" id=\"envira-gallery-image-8023\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP\/\/\/\/\/\/\/yH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" tabindex=\"-1\" title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.7\" width=\"640\" data-caption=\"\" data-envira-gallery-id=\"8016\" data-envira-index=\"6\" data-envira-item-id=\"8023\" data-envira-src=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.7-632x1024.jpg\" data-envira-srcset=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.7-632x1024.jpg 400w, https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.7-632x1024.jpg 2x\" data-title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.7\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  data-envirabox=\"8016\" data-automatic-caption=\"\" data-envira-height=\"300\" data-envira-width=\"185\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div id=\"envira-gallery-item-8024\" class=\"envira-gallery-item envira-gallery-item-8 envira-lazy-load\" style=\"padding-left: 5px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 5px;\"  itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"envira-gallery-item-inner\"><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-top-left\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-top-right\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-bottom-left\"><\/div><div class=\"envira-gallery-position-overlay envira-gallery-bottom-right\"><\/div><a class=\"envira-gallery-8016 envira-gallery-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.8.jpg\" title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.8\" data-caption=\"\" data-envira-item-id=\"8024\" data-envira-retina=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.8.jpg\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.8-75x50_c.jpg\" data-title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.8\" data-envirabox='8016' itemprop=\"contentUrl\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.8-630x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"envira-gallery-image envira-gallery-image-8    envira-lazy\" height=\"480\" id=\"envira-gallery-image-8024\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP\/\/\/\/\/\/\/yH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" tabindex=\"-1\" title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.8\" width=\"640\" data-caption=\"\" data-envira-gallery-id=\"8016\" data-envira-index=\"7\" data-envira-item-id=\"8024\" data-envira-src=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.8-630x1024.jpg\" data-envira-srcset=\"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.8-630x1024.jpg 400w, https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.8-630x1024.jpg 2x\" data-title=\"Baltimore City College 18th June 1923.8\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  data-envirabox=\"8016\" data-automatic-caption=\"\" data-envira-height=\"300\" data-envira-width=\"185\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><img src='https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.1.jpg' alt='' class='envira_noscript_images ' \/><img src='https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.2.jpg' alt='' class='envira_noscript_images ' \/><img src='https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.3.jpg' alt='' class='envira_noscript_images ' \/><img src='https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.4.jpg' alt='' class='envira_noscript_images ' \/><img src='https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.5.jpg' alt='' class='envira_noscript_images ' \/><img src='https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.6.jpg' alt='' class='envira_noscript_images ' \/><img src='https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.7.jpg' alt='' class='envira_noscript_images ' \/><img src='https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Baltimore-City-College-18th-June-1923.8.jpg' alt='' class='envira_noscript_images ' \/><\/noscript>\n<p><strong>Baltimore City College Commencement Exercises \u2014 Lyric Theatre, Monday Evening, June the Eighteenth, Nineteen Hundred Twenty-three, at Eight-Fifteen O&#8217;Clock.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cTHE LYRIC<\/strong><br \/>\nMonday Evening, June Eighteenth<br \/>\nNineteen Hundred Twenty-three<br \/>\nat Eight o&#8217;clock\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>First up: Pages 1 and 2. Let me proceed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udcdc<\/strong><strong> Transcription: Baltimore City College Commencement Program<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Date:<\/strong> Monday Evening, June 18, 1923<br \/>\n<strong>Location:<\/strong> Baltimore, Maryland<br \/>\n<strong>Time:<\/strong> 8 o&#8217;clock<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udfeb Page 1 (Title Page)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; THE &#8211; LYRIC<\/p>\n<p>Monday Evening, June Eighteenth<\/p>\n<p>Nineteen Hundred Twenty-three<\/p>\n<p>at Eight o&#8217;clock<\/p>\n<p><strong>Page 2 (Introduction and Anthem)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The Baltimore City College was established in 1836.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It conducts two courses, one collegiate and the other commercial. The collegiate course prepares for college entrance, certain professional schools, technical schools, and gives a general course for those who cannot go further in their education. The commercial course has a vocational aim, to prepare for business; the work of the course is also designed to give adequate cultural training.<\/p>\n<p>In the academic course, City College boys have their choice among four courses:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>College Preparatory<\/li>\n<li>Social Studies<\/li>\n<li>Modern Foreign Language<\/li>\n<li>Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The first of these courses emphasizes conventional college preparatory subjects; the second stresses history and social studies; the third gives greater opportunity in modern foreign languages; and the fourth provides a more intensive study of science. All these courses lead to college work.<\/p>\n<p>The commercial course, in the first place, provides a course to prepare for college, and, in the second place, divides its business course into one fitting for general business and another for secretarial work. It trains boys not only in business subjects but in office practice and machines.<\/p>\n<p>Four years are required to complete either the academic or the commercial course.<\/p>\n<p>The students have organized and are conducting two Literary Societies, an Athletic Association, a Student Board for a certain degree of self-government, and a monthly paper, the <em>Oriole<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The total enrollment for the last year was 2,020. The graduating class of this year numbers 249 who have completed the requirements necessary to receive a diploma of the Baltimore City College.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ud83c\udfb6<\/strong><strong>The Star-Spangled Banner<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Oh! say, can you see by the dawn\u2019s early light<br \/>\nWhat so proudly we hailed at the twilight\u2019s last gleaming?<br \/>\nWhose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight<br \/>\nO\u2019er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?<br \/>\nAnd the rockets\u2019 red glare, the bombs bursting in air<br \/>\nGave proof through the night that our flag was still there.<br \/>\nOh! say, does that Star-Spangled Banner yet wave<br \/>\nO\u2019er the land of the free and the home of the brave?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context &amp; Reasoning:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The images you\u2019ve provided come from a 1923 commencement booklet of <strong>Baltimore City College<\/strong>, a historic public high school in Baltimore, Maryland. The first image (Page 3) contains the <em>program schedule<\/em> and order of exercises, including musical interludes, award presentations, and official speeches. The second image (Page 4) is a <em>list of graduates<\/em> for that year, beginning with surnames starting from \u201cAaronson\u201d through \u201cFlocks.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The presence of detailed musical numbers, diploma conferment, and scholarship awards\u2014including a notable one in honour of Z. Morton Katz (a WWI casualty)\u2014indicates a deeply ceremonial, community-minded event, blending patriotism, remembrance, and celebration.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Transcription (Pages 3 and 4):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Baltimore City College \u2013 Commencement Program (18th June 1923)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PROGRAM<\/p>\n<p>PRELUDE<\/p>\n<p>MARCH \u2014 \u201c2nd Regiment\u201d &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; Herbert<\/p>\n<p>OVERTURE \u2014 \u201cComer\u00eds\u201d &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; Bach<\/p>\n<p>SELECTION \u2014 \u201cLittle Nelly Kelly\u201d<\/p>\n<p>EXCERPTS \u2014 \u201cOrange Blossoms\u201d<\/p>\n<p>PROMENADE MARCH<\/p>\n<p>ORDER OF EXERCISES<\/p>\n<p>THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; Audience and Class<\/p>\n<p>Invocation &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. Rev. D. C. S. Wallace<\/p>\n<p>Duet \u2014 &#8220;Song from Bombo&#8221; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. De Romberg<\/p>\n<p>CONFERRING OF DIPLOMAS &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. Hon. Howard W. Jackson<\/p>\n<p>VIOLIN SOLO \u2014 Selected &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. Franklin L. Walter<\/p>\n<p>Address &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. Louis H. Dielman, Esq.<\/p>\n<p>Executive Secretary, Peabody Institute<\/p>\n<p>SOLO \u2014 &#8220;Journey\u2019s End&#8221; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. Tierney<\/p>\n<p>AWARD OF ALUMNI SCHOLARSHIP &#8230;&#8230;&#8230; Arthur E. Hungerford, Esq.<\/p>\n<p>President, Alumni Association, Baltimore City College<\/p>\n<p>IDYLE \u2014 &#8220;Underneath the Mellow Moon&#8221; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. Hall\u00a0 AWARD OF Z. MORTON KATZ SCHOLARSHIP &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. Alexander Hardcastle<\/p>\n<p>The Z. Morton Katz Scholarship was founded in 1919 by his friends as a perpetual memorial<\/p>\n<p>to Z. Morton Katz, honor graduate of the class of 1906 of the Baltimore City College, student of<\/p>\n<p>Johns Hopkins University, who was killed in action September 29, 1918, at the battle of Mont-<\/p>\n<p>faucon, France, in the service of his country.<\/p>\n<p>INTERMEZZO \u2014 \u201cKatunka\u201d<\/p>\n<p>MARCH \u2014 &#8220;Bambolina&#8221; &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; Stothart<\/p>\n<p>Orchestra under the direction of Mr. John Itzel.<\/p>\n<p>The pianos used on this occasion are furnished by Charles M. Stieff, Inc.,<\/p>\n<p>15 N. Howard St., Baltimore, Md.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Graduates of Baltimore City College (1923)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>GRADUATES BALTIMORE CITY COLLEGE<\/p>\n<p>Bernard A. Aaronson<\/p>\n<p>Leonard Abrams<\/p>\n<p>Silvio A. Alessi<\/p>\n<p>Alvin Everett Anderson<\/p>\n<p>Ellis Lazarus Arenson<\/p>\n<p>Morris A. Baker<\/p>\n<p>William F. Baird, Jr.<\/p>\n<p>Simon Louis Bank<\/p>\n<p>Lester L. Barrett<\/p>\n<p>Samuel Bass<\/p>\n<p>Oliver C. Benton<\/p>\n<p>Samuel William Bergner<\/p>\n<p>Henry Irving Berman<\/p>\n<p>Stanley J. Bernstein<\/p>\n<p>Bernard N. Blaustein<\/p>\n<p>Ben Blinchikoff<\/p>\n<p>Isidore Bloom<\/p>\n<p>Albert E. Blumberg<\/p>\n<p>Clarence George Boley<\/p>\n<p>Perre Bowen, Jr.<\/p>\n<p>Cookman Boyd, Jr.<\/p>\n<p>James Frederick Brackenridge<\/p>\n<p>Walter S. Broening<\/p>\n<p>Carrington Brown<\/p>\n<p>Peter Thomas Budacz<\/p>\n<p>Albert M. Cahn<\/p>\n<p>John B. Calder<\/p>\n<p>Jerome Harry Caplan<\/p>\n<p>Samuel Carliner<\/p>\n<p>Carroll Windsor Carter<\/p>\n<p>Walter Joseph Cassup<\/p>\n<p>Earl Leroy Chambers<\/p>\n<p>Leon Mitchell Chor<\/p>\n<p>Thomas Lawrence Christian<\/p>\n<p>Frank Cockrell<\/p>\n<p>Jack Cohen<\/p>\n<p>John H. Cohen<\/p>\n<p>Paul Morton Cohen<\/p>\n<p>Raymond Cohen<\/p>\n<p>Sidney Cohen<\/p>\n<p>Adolph Cohn<\/p>\n<p>Eli Contract<\/p>\n<p>Robert Karl Coscia<\/p>\n<p>Walter A. Cutter<\/p>\n<p>Benjamin Chester Cwalina<\/p>\n<p>Alphonse David<\/p>\n<p>Wilbur Davidson<\/p>\n<p>Melvin Booth Davis<\/p>\n<p>Thomas Clark Densten<\/p>\n<p>Anthony DiPaula<\/p>\n<p>Ralph L. Disney<\/p>\n<p>John H. Ditto<\/p>\n<p>Lloyd G. Dixon<\/p>\n<p>Brice Marden Dorsey<\/p>\n<p>William E. Downing, Jr.<\/p>\n<p>Herman B. Drukman<\/p>\n<p>Lemuel C. A. Dunbar<\/p>\n<p>John Wesley Edel, Jr.<\/p>\n<p>Alfred Hooper Egerter<\/p>\n<p>Thomas B. Ehlers<\/p>\n<p>William Henry Engel<\/p>\n<p>Lowell S. Ensor<\/p>\n<p>Harry Erdman<\/p>\n<p>Frank Every<\/p>\n<p>Joseph G. Falk<\/p>\n<p>Carl Feldman<\/p>\n<p>William Taft Feldman<\/p>\n<p>Herbert Bernard Fineberg<\/p>\n<p>Jerome Fineman<\/p>\n<p>Nathaniel Fineman<\/p>\n<p>Theodore G. Fischer<\/p>\n<p>Delphia Franklin Fisher, Jr.<\/p>\n<p>Rubin H. Flocks<\/p>\n<p>Morris Rosenberg<\/p>\n<p>Albert Rosenfeld<\/p>\n<p>Morris Rosenfeld<\/p>\n<p>Abraham P. Rothbaum<\/p>\n<p>Meyer Rubenstein<\/p>\n<p>Irwin Rubin<\/p>\n<p>Abraham Sachs<\/p>\n<p>Raymond Sachs<\/p>\n<p>Josef G. Salafia<\/p>\n<p>Ivan Jack Salomon<\/p>\n<p>Franklin Sanders<\/p>\n<p>Hyman Sandler<\/p>\n<p>Maurice Edgar Sandler<\/p>\n<p>Milton John Sappe<\/p>\n<p>Sewell Saunders, Jr.<\/p>\n<p>Robert Savage<\/p>\n<p>Robert Schmidt<\/p>\n<p>Reuben Schnydman<\/p>\n<p>Joseph Schwartzman<\/p>\n<p>Milton Seidenman<\/p>\n<p>Joel I. Seidman<\/p>\n<p>George Frederick Seippel<\/p>\n<p>Moses S. Shiling<\/p>\n<p>Jacob E. Shocket<\/p>\n<p>Harry N. Silver<\/p>\n<p>Moses Silverman<\/p>\n<p>Shirleigh Silverman<\/p>\n<p>Maurice Hilb Simson<\/p>\n<p>Nathan Sirkin<\/p>\n<p>Myer Site<\/p>\n<p>Samuel Smalkin<\/p>\n<p>Daniel A. Smith<\/p>\n<p>Solomon Smith<\/p>\n<p>Isidore Smulovitz<\/p>\n<p>Nathan Snyder<\/p>\n<p>Arthur Storch<\/p>\n<p>Frederick Philip Storm<\/p>\n<p>Herman Surasky<\/p>\n<p>Donald I. Sweany<\/p>\n<p>Charles K. Sweetman<\/p>\n<p>Milton Harry Talkin<\/p>\n<p>Thomas Leroy Taylor<\/p>\n<p>Howard David Todd<\/p>\n<p>Max M. Trivas<\/p>\n<p>Alfred Lawrence Tuvin<\/p>\n<p>Paul Alvin Ulman<\/p>\n<p>Thomas A. Van Sant<\/p>\n<p>Louis Walner<\/p>\n<p>Richard H. Waterman<\/p>\n<p>Alva P. Weaver, Jr.<\/p>\n<p>Lewis William Weinhardt<\/p>\n<p>Joseph Weinstein<\/p>\n<p>Maurice Weinstein<\/p>\n<p>Morris Wolfe<\/p>\n<p>Archie T. Wolfsheimer<\/p>\n<p>Marion J. Woodford, Jr.<\/p>\n<p>Harry A. Yankellow<\/p>\n<p>Aaron Zeligman<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recipients of Peabody Prizes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Of the First Grade \u2013 $100 each:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>William Ralph Kirkley<\/li>\n<li>Adolph Cohn<\/li>\n<li>John Duer Moores<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Of the Second Grade \u2013 $50 each:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Morris Rosenfeld<\/li>\n<li>Robert W. Garis<\/li>\n<li>Joel I. Seidman<\/li>\n<li>Albert LeRoy Glantz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Board of School Commissioners<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Isaac S. Field<\/strong>, President<\/li>\n<li>Frederick J. Singley<\/li>\n<li>John W. Edel<\/li>\n<li>Addison E. Mullikin<\/li>\n<li>Mrs. J. W. Putts<\/li>\n<li>Dr. Frank J. Goodnow<\/li>\n<li>Charles J. F. Steiner<\/li>\n<li>Warren S. Seipp<\/li>\n<li>Theodore E. Straus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>John H. Roche<\/strong>, Secretary<\/p>\n<p><strong>Board of Superintendents<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Henry S. West<\/strong>, Superintendent<\/li>\n<li><strong>Charles A.A. J. Miller<\/strong>, First Assistant Superintendent<\/li>\n<li><strong>David E. Weglen<\/strong>, Secondary Education<\/li>\n<li><strong>Carleton E. Douglass<\/strong>, Upper Elementary Grades<\/li>\n<li><strong>Laura Frazee<\/strong>, Kindergarten\u2013Primary Grades<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Principal<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Wilbur F. Smith<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SOUTHWEST JUNK SHOP STATEMENT (LEVY &amp; BUCKNER, WASHINGTON D.C.) This image shows an unused or blank financial statement sheet from the Southwest Junk Shop, jointly operated by Levy &amp; Buckner. Though undated, its typography, business model, and design suggest it originates from the early 20th century, likely between 1900 and 1930. It serves as a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7930","page","type-page","status-publish","czr-hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7930","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7930"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7930\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8033,"href":"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7930\/revisions\/8033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ianwaugh.com\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}